1. Schemata have specific instantiations.A schema is an abstraction from experience and a representation. It applies to stimuli min the world. A schema can thus be instantiated. its slots can be filled with stimuli. If we had just bought a peach at a fruit shop, the event would be an instantiation of buy. we filled the slot for a buyer, the shop for seller, and the peach for the item bought. The schema thus acts as a pattern-recognition device.
2. The slots. The slots of a given schema can usually be filled with a fairly wide range of stimuli. The nose slot of the face schema can be filled with noses of varying sizes and shapes, and many distances from other parts of a face. The buy schema's slot for item sold can be filled with such stimuli as a car, insurance, the service of a plumber or a lawyer, a tuition at a university. The buyer slot can be filled with countless persons or with organizations such as a bank, an army, or a government. Finally, some slots can be filled in by default. Though we cannot actually perceive them in a given situation, our schema tells us that they are there.If we see two eyes glaring at us in the dark, we can infer from those eyes and our face schema that other parts are likely to be present. there is likely to be a nose, a mouth and a chin, and so values for these parts can be filled in by default. we can also infer that there is a body attached to the face from our body schema.
Similarly if we see someone leaving a grocery shop with a bag of groceries, we can fill in what probably just occurred from our buy schema. We can infer that the person handed over money for the goods.
3. Schemata are embedded within each other. Schemata are often organized into partonomies, each schema is a part of one and itself is composed of schemata. Look at the human body schema. it consists of parts such as face, arms, legs and trunk. Each can be considered a schema, as described before with face. Each of these becomes a part-whole relation to a more inclusive schema.They are part of it, just as a given tree is a part of a forest.
4. Schema represent knowledge of all kinds from simpler knowledge about the shape of the letter 'A', to more complex knowledge such as knowledge about scientific theory or political ideologies which are very abstract.
5. Various schema at different levels may be actively engaged in recognizing and interpreting new inputs. Bottom up and top down processes may go through repeated cycles, and the final interpretation of new inputs will depend on which schema constitutes the best fit from the incoming information. For example, if we see some people sitting on the grass we might first activate the picnic schema, but if further bottom up information shows banner instead of food, we might shift to 'demo' schema instead. in this case, the demo schema turns out to be the best fit and becomes the dominant or the most active schema.
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